Barnes Noble, Inc. Essay - 3301 Words

Barnes Noble, Inc. (BN) is a Fortune 500 company, the world’s largest bookseller and the nation’s highest-rated bookselling brand. In the early 1960s, Leonard Roggio acquired a traditional bookstore owned by Charles Barnes in New York and transformed it into the biggest bookstore in the U.S. today. The company is currently made up of three segments - retail, college bookstore and e-reader. According to BN.com, the company runs approximately 1,300 bookstores, including 605 retail bookstores in 50 states along with more than 700 BN College bookstores (BN, 2014). As a result of the dramatic changes in the retail bookselling industry, Barnes Noble has shifted from a traditional brick-and-mortar bookstore to a multi-channel retailer. The company has established an online channel through BN.com offering more than one million book titles. Between its retail stores and online operations, Barnes Noble sells around 200 million physical books per year. In addition, BN launched NOOK, a brand of e-reading products designed to give the company a substantial foothold in the e-book market as well as NOOK store, an expansive database of over four million digital books. Definition of the Book Stores Industry According to IBIS World, the bookstore industry mainly carries a wide variety of books, newspapers and journals including trade books, textbooks, magazines, hard and soft covers and religious books. Merchandise is acquired from both domestic and international manufacturersShow MoreRelated barnes and noble Essay1006 Words   |  5 Pages Barnes amp; Noble does business -- big business -- by the book. As the #1 bookseller in the US, it operates about 650 superstores throughout 49 states and the District of Columbia under the banners Barnes amp; Noble, Bookstop, and Bookstar, as well as about 200 mall stores using the names B. Dalton, Doubleday, and Scribners. The companys GameStop subsidiary is the #1 US video game retailer with about 1,500 stores under the names Babbages Etc., GameStop, and FuncoLand. Barnes amp; Noble ownedRead MoreBarnes Noble - Business Analysis1191 Words   |  5 Pages [pic] 1. Value Proposition Barnes Noble, Inc. operates as a content, commerce, and technology company in the United States. It provides access to books, magazines, newspapers, and other content through its multi-channel distribution platform. The company sells its products directly to customers through its bookstores and on barnesandnoble.com. Barnes Noble conducts its online business through Barnes Noble.com, one of the Web’s largest e-commerce sites, whichRead MoreBarnes and Noble Case Study7050 Words   |  29 PagesManagement Project 10th of december 2010 History In 1873, Charles Barnes opened a book-printing business in the USA. The first bookstore was set up by his son, William, in partnership with G. Clifford Noble, in 1917 in New York and it is the advent of Barnes and Noble. In 1932, at the height of the Great Depression, the bookstore was moved to its current location on Fifth Avenue. Barnes amp; Noble was acquired by Leonard Riggio in 1971, who oversaw the growth of the business. LeonardRead MoreeBusiness Model: Amazon.com1342 Words   |  6 PagesFurthermore, online commerce has saved time and money for consumers, so Amazon made the right business decision to pursue this window of opportunity. Next, Amazon is more competitive than any other online bookstore such as Barnes and Noble and Borders. After browsing the Barnes and Noble and Border websites and reading their reviews, I feel that Amazon ranks high in content, professionalism, effectiveness, and functionality as shown in Table 1. Amazon has a diverse collection of products, its customerRead MoreFacebook Communication Strategies Between Amazon And Barnes1365 Words   |  6 Pages Comparison Report – Facebook communication strategies between Amazon and Barnes Nobles Johnny R. Polanco DeVry University MGMT-550 Managerial Communication January 25, 2015 Facebook communication strategies between Amazon and Barnes Nobles The scope of this project is to analyze similar or comparable organizations like Amazon and Barnes Noble, and compare their communication strategies on Facebook. The gathered and analyzed information will explain and helpRead MoreA Complete Financial Analysis Of Amazon.com1302 Words   |  6 Pagesand singers, the rights to sell and publish their works (Amazon.com Inc Company Profile). Amazon’s return on assets has increased between 2012 and 2013. However, from 2013 to 2014 the return on assets has decreased greatly (Growth, Profitability, and Financial Ratios for Amazon). Currently the company’s return on assets is -0.51. The company’s Current Ratio is 1.12. Its quick ratio is 0.82 and its cash ratio is 0.62 (Amazon.com Inc MarketWatch). Amazon.com is in the Internet industry. Financial AnalysisRead MoreStarbucks : The Leading Coffee House1111 Words   |  5 Pagesoccurred in 1993, when Starbucks formed a strategic alliance with Barnes and Noble bookstores to become their in house coffee house (Isidro, 2004). The two companies recognized that books and coffee were a natural fit. Barnes and Noble had already initiated a plan to convert its superstores into hubs of community life, and determined a type of cafà © was needed to produce a more tempting ambiance for its patrons. Barnes and Noble, Inc., a Fortune 500 corporation, manages 647 retail stores throughoutRead MoreBarnes Noble: The Book Store Chain Essay988 Words   |  4 Pagesshutting down their operations and only a few are still operating in the country. Barnes and Noble has become the largest bookseller in the book retailers industry. The firm has integrated its business philosophy into web presence though eBook marketplace. This business strategy assisted the firm to be able to reach a la rge scale customers and remain as a strongest competitor in the book retailing market. Barnes Noble was successful on releasing the NOOK tablets, which responsible for major contributionRead MoreTaking a Look at Barnes Noble1094 Words   |  5 Pagesshutting down their operations and only a few are still operating in the country. Barnes and Noble has become the largest bookseller in the book retailers industry (1). The firm has integrated its business philosophy into web presence though eBook marketplace. This business strategy assisted the firm to be able to reach a large scale customers and remain as a strongest competitor in the book retailing market. Barnes Noble was successful on releasing the NOOK tablets, which responsible for major contributionRead MoreStrategic and Financial Planning1045 Words   |  5 Pageswill incur, possible profits from sales, and what kind of risk they will encounter. Strategic Planning Initiative – Barnes and Noble and the NOOK Over time technical innovations have changed the way of life for millions. These breakthroughs continue to surface and understanding these technologies and how to properly utilize them is essential in the business world. Barnes and Noble is a business that has embraced these changing times and is proving their ability to keep up. The NOOK is a digital reading

Red Bulls 4p and Swot Analysis - 2159 Words

European Consumer Markets: Issues and Trends Coursework 1 – Group presentation about: Introduction of the company Red Bull Ltd. is a very fast-paced company. Between the start of sales in Austria in 1987 and 2010 it has spread its activities to 162 countries worldwide (Red Bull, 2011a). It is present in all European countries, which enables this report to examine how Red Bull has to adapt its product and marketing to different cultures. The Austrian entrepreneur Dietrich Mateschitz founded Red Bull in 1984, realising that the trend of drinking â€Å"tonic water† in Asia could mean a market niche in Europe. He discovered the drink Krating Daeng in Thailand and made a license agreement with TC Pharmaceuticals to market the product in Europe†¦show more content†¦Besides the sport events Red Bull organizes many music and art events as well. The company’s world-wide music event called Red Bull Music Academy. For its 14th year, the Red Bull Music Academy is hopping around the globe, curating workshops, concerts, art installations, studio sessions, and parties in 10 exotic locales (Spin, 2011). Each national Red Bull has its own sport and music events like Red Bull City Shred or Red Bull Liszt Remix. Sponsor activities The company has more than 400 athletes around the world and they are the official sponsor of many teams such as the Red Bull Formula-1 Racing Team, the Red Bull Salzburg Football Team and the Red Bull New York Football Team (Red Bull, 2011f). Products Red Bull has adapted the product to the different necessities of the customers. The company offers the normal Red Bull energy drink for the majority of the customers, those who are just looking for a push of energy in a specific moment. The Red Bull sugar free is in the market for those customers that look for a healthy energy drink that does not generate a step back in their diet. With Red Bull cola the company opens the market for cola drinks lovers and can compete easily with cola soft drinks companies. There also exist different Red Bulls for different situations. The Red Bull energy shot allows the customer to drink this energy drink very fast. It is useful for situations where is not easy to handle a can such as in the middle of a meeting or while theShow MoreRelatedThe Marketing Plan For The Luxembourg Based Company3529 Words   |  15 Pagesmarkers can understand the needs and wants of their consumers and develop position and promote their products to the right target market through the right distribution channels by the support of the right advertising strategies. Competitor Analysis (SWOT) The Nature of Competitive Advantage It is critical to the success of all marketing organizations that they achieve some sort of competitive advantage in the marketplace. A competitive advantage can be achieved only when two distinct conditions

Fashion “The Craze Among Youth”. Free Essays

Every person Is fashion conscious. Fashion Is very popular among the school boys and girls, They do It in a competitive spirit to look smart. up-to-date and attractive. We will write a custom essay sample on Fashion â€Å"The Craze Among Youth†. or any similar topic only for you Order Now Students like actors and actresses. Some of them see a film to copy the latest fashion. It is mostly the college students who look upon fashion as the very stuff of their conscience. Being fashionable Is the only real passport to high society and popularity In the college. Students put on expensive and fascinating clothes of the latest cut, color and design. The students spend a lot ot money on clothes and other things In ife for sake of variety. They do not realize that they are wasting their precious time and energy in this effort. In addition, they waste the hard-earned money of their parents. Students have become crazy after fashion. But this is all being done at the cost of their studies. They are wasting the precious time of their life. Sometimes, poor parents are burdened with fashion bills. 853 Words Free Sample Essay on Fashion Thus, every one should try to have some leisure and make the best use of it by taking to some good hobby or the other. Great caution should be exercised; in choosing a hobby. We should choose a hobby which recoups our energy and provides relaxation and recreation. Young people all over the world are becoming more and more fashion conscious. Young students, whether boys or girls, are crazy about it they want to look smart and beautiful by wearing dresses of the latest designs. In order to boost the sales of their dresses, leading cloth mills and dress†making firms engage reputed fashion designers and beautiful models. Fashion parades and shows are held In big five star hotels to exhibit the latest dresses. Fashion Is no longer the monopoly of women. Even men have great fancy for It. In fact, the latest unl-sex dresses Ilke shirts and Jeans can be worn both by the girls and the boys. Today, the biggest centers of the latest fashions in the world are Paris, London, Hollywood and New York. In India, Mumbai. Delhi, Chandigarh, Lucknow, Jaipur, Shimla etc. have become centers of high fashion. Students generally try to copy fashions from films. Fashion has permeated all spheres of our life. It is followed not only in clothes but also in hair-styles, shoes, etiquette or manners. Some people are content to wear fashionable clothes. Others go In for fashionable hair-styles. ull others adopt the latest trend In their speech and manner. All these people want to look impressive and attract the attention ot others. They want to look different in the eyes of others. Fashion is neither stable nor eternal. It is ever-changing. The change in fashion takes place so fast that people sometimes find it very difficult to catch up with it Students in India also have become quite fashion conscious. In a college campus, one can see both girls and boys wearing all types of clothes. Girls wear whatever their favorite heroines wear. Boys try to emulate their favorite heroes. Fashion knows no frontiers. It travels across countries very fast. when students In India see latest foreign films from Hollywood, they adopt the latest fashions from these films. They even imitate the way of life, speech, manners, actions, clothes, hair-styles of their favorite foreign actors and actresses. Some students spend a lot of money and devote considerable time on their make-up. They neglect their studies Their books gather dust These students hardly realist that by neglecting their studies, they are ruining their own career. ‘ Of2 students oTten seem to surer Trom a mlstaKen notlon tnat Tasnlon means wearing lothes and other costly items like Jewellery, etc. The fact is that sometimes expensive clothes and heavy make-up may prove counterproductive. It may even have a negative effect on one’s personality. Some people look smarter in simple clothes than in expensive clothes. As the old saying goes, beauty needs no ornaments. In fact simplicity is the best fashion, If students pursue fashion at the cost of their education, they will be left behind in their studies. This will spoil their prospects of a bright future. If they want to be successful in life, their motto should not be fashion but ‘simple living and high thinking. Unfortunately, college boys and girls have started regarding even smoking as a fashion. One can see a number of boys and girls sitting in college restaurants and enjoying a smoke. Those who have costly brands of cigarette packets and imported cigarette lighters feel proud. Some students go to the extent of taking intoxicating drugs like ‘heroin’, LSD, Hashish, Marijuana, etc. Drinking is also considered as a symbol of modern society and high fashion. These habits adversely affect the health of students. A conscious effort should be made both by the teachers and parents to dissuade their children from falling prey to these anti- ocial habits in the name of fashion. No doubt fashion spreads like wild fire especially when fashion critics hail any new design as ultra modern. Slowly a fashion percolates first to the middle- class families and then to the poor strata of society. Once it becomes common, it loses its novelty. Fashion conscious boys and girls then look out for something else which is new and exclusive. But â€Å"fashion† should not be given wide meaning so as to include everything which is being followed in western countries. Due respect should be paid to one’s native countrys way of living also. Whether the influence of western culture is a boon or a curse to the Indian youth, is a controversial topic. No culture is good or bad. After all, every culture is an educative refinement, a product of an era. It is the understanding of a culture and methods of pursuing it that can make it good or bad in the eyes of other people. Thus, it cannot be concluded that every western influence is harmful. Indian youth, instead of following the west blindly, should try to grasp the very essence of western culture and help it in enriching his own. Only then can true development take place. How to cite Fashion â€Å"The Craze Among Youth†., Papers

Cultural Clusters and Local Economic Development

Question: Discuss about the Cultural Clusters and Local Economic Development. Answer: Introduction Cultural diversity and cross cultures plays a vital role as it defines the variety of human societies or culture of a particular region, state or country in the world or as a whole. United Kingdom is one of the most attractive countries now days and favorite place for many tourists, for foreign investors who wants to invest their money. But due to low cross cultural operations, the country fails to achieve success. There are various aspects on which the difference of culture is explained that is communication styles, language, clothing, food, rituals, myths, cultures, tradition, festivals, etc. communication is a big difference as it creates misunderstandings. The culture diversities may become an advantage but sometimes it becomes inconvenient too. So, it can be said that the behaviors of different people in the company can be the point of difference that can be a positive factors or negative factors (McDougall, and Oviatt, 2000). In this study, the main focus is on the culture diversities of Saudi Arabia and United Kingdom. It is observed that there are significant difference between the two nations, the contrasting behavior and nature of both the countries made them totally different from each other. The discussion will be on the similarities and differences in the organizational culture and also in the managerial process of both the countries. There are various challenges and issues faced by the international managers of both the countries while working in cross culture and diverse world. They have to manage the decision making, international headship theories, etc. (Javidan, Dorfman, De Luque, and House, 2006) Cultural diversity The culture of Saudi Arabia is founded by Islamic religion that is very old and strict. This is the reason due to which there are many difference between the culture of Saudi Arabia and UK. The culture of Saudi Arabia is polychromic society. The people of this society and involve in many things at a time as they adopt flexible time period. They can change the plans and activities easily (Tsui, 2004). The culture of United Kingdom is very much influenced by the history of UK. And it is developed by the country of island. The country is very much prominent in television, philosophy, science, technology, etc. there was a revolution in the industry sector of the country that affected the culture of United Kingdom. As a result of that revolution, the socio-culture of the country was changed. The influence of this country is on the entire world. The language of this country has become an international language. United Kingdom is one of the most attractive countries now days and favorite place for many tourists, for foreign investors who wants to invest their money. The culture of this country is very distinctive and different from all the nations of the world (Amabile, et.al. 2001). Culture affects on different countries Basis of difference Saudi Arabia United kingdom Orientation The culture has a great impact on the orientation of the employees working in the company. The orientation of this country is very strict. Communication The communication of the employees and managers are very formal and flow from top to bottom level. The language spoken here is English. They want to promote their language to entire world. The communication of this country is very effective and impressive. There is generally informal flow of communication takes place between the superior and subordinates. The employees and personnel of this country are very frank and flexible in communication skills. Decision -making The process of decisions making is very important The decision making of this country is takes place through mutual decision making The leaders and managers of this country are very flexible and give importance to the ideas and views of the other people. They entertain the views and ethics of other cultures (Kramer, 2001). The process of decision making is in the hand of top level authority. They are the whole sole decision maker of the country. As the ruler of this country is an autocratic leader. So the entire country is following the autocratic style of leadership and decision making (Yamazaki, and Kayes, 2004). Similarities between the both countries organizational and managerial cultures There are both similarities and differences in the two countries United Kingdom and Saudi Arabia. There is determined orientation between both the countries. There are significant ways that are used by managers of both the countries. It is not compulsory that everyone can understand the similarity and dissimilarity between the cultures. The major similarity between both the countries is that both are kingdoms. However Saudi Arabia is headed by king Abdullah and United Kingdom is headed by Elizabeth the second. In united kingdom there is an elected prime minister who rule the country while in Saudi Arabia the king himself is the ruling prime minister of the country. The other similarities are that the education patterns of both the countries are almost same like for the subjects, math, science, and physics (Scullion, and Collings, 2011). The organizational culture of the countries depends on the organization and the kind of work takes place in the same. Similarly, the managerial styles of the country depend on the organization. They are interrelated to each other. It is the fact that no countrys managerial and organizational styles are similar yet different to each other. They are purely dependant on the working of the organization, the kind of business performed by the organization, number of employees, size of the business, etc. in this way, it is very difficult to define the managerial and organizational qualities of Saudi Arabia and united kingdom separately. Instead of this, the trend is that multinational companies are following the same organizational and managerial theories in their organizations to have competitive advantage. To cope up with the diversified cultures, the companies are trying to adopt the policies used by the other companies and the competitors present in the market. In this way, it is said t hat these countries and their organizations are applying the same theories and strategies in the growth and development of the companies. Dissimilarities between the both countries organizational and managerial cultures The education system of United Kingdom is divided among the two education system that is schooling and home education. Home education is for the students who belong to rich and kings family. For other students the education system is similar. This kind of home education system does not applied in Saudi Arabia. There are schools for all types of students (Kirkman, and Shapiro, 2001). In UK, males and females het the education together but in Saudi Arabia, the males and females attended completely seprated schools and colleagues. The employement rate for the females in Saudi Arabia is very less as compared to UK. In Saudi Arabia, the women want to stay at home and take care of children and household. While in UK, almost every women is well educated and working. Even the non- working women, join the market of labor. The religion of not the countries is also different a sin UK the religion is Christianity and in Saudi Arabia, the religion is Islamic (Tsui, Nifadkar, and Ou, 2007). Cross-culture skills for international managers Global leadership and international business management- The managers of both the countries who are working in cross culture have to manage between the diverse environments. There are various aspects like handling meetings, intercultural communication, intercultural challenges, problem solving, decision making, etc. (Kirkman, Chen, Farh, Chen, and Lowe, 2009) Working virtually across the different cultures There is a requirement of managing and making strategies and policies to manage the international teams, emails, audio, video conferencing, etc. (Bhagat, Kedia, Harveston, and Triandis, 2002) Preparing for overseas assignments- An international manager has to prepare himself for the international assignments that he has to do in future. There are several workshops, related to minimize the culture shock. They have to face different societies and their rituals. They have to prepare assignments and projects for different cultures and for that they need to study the cultures (Irani, Beskese, and Love, 2004). Marketing and negotiation on international level- To achieve and international outcomes, the managers have to tackle with various types of marketing and negotiating techniques. They learn how to manage in international markets of various countries. Like in Saudi Arabia, there is a trend to wish the other party by bending infront of them whether they are younger or older than you (David, and Fahey, 2000). Management of teams and groups in the joint ventures and projects There are some key skills that are must in international managers that will be mentioned in this study. He must have the skills regarding Recruitment, performance appraisal, mentoring, motivation and counseling of team and employees. In order to build more effective teams, the managers must be eligible in resolving of internal and external tension and issues. He should conduct meeting timely so that he is able to draw positive results o cultural diversity. He has the skills to achieve creativity from the team members by encouraging them to participate and has the capability to resolve the inter-department problem. He must design coaching and training schemes and also metrics of the training impact. He must have good control on all the policies and strategies framed out by the same (Cooke, and Lazzeretti, 2008). Autocratic vs. delegated leaders Style Best use Strengths Weaknesses Autocratic It is best used in the situations where the crises are raised and there is need of quick decisions without any dissent The efficiency is incredible Decision takes place in very less time The work get easily done Sometimes, the employees and team manners are feel neglected Poor behavior of leaders Leads to high turnover and absenteeism Delegated It is most usable in the working teams and groups as it is the essential part. It helps in productivity and efficiency of the individuals (Nazroo, 2003). It provides highly job satisfaction They are also productive The members are involved in decision so they feel valued Staff members remained engaged Creativity is also engaged (Kozulin, 2003). The process of decision making is slow Hinders the situation where fast decision and efficiency is required The team members may work without any expertise to provide high-quality input The difference between leadership style in united kingdom and Saudi Arabia is that in this country the types of leadership is autocratic while in united kingdom the type of leadership style is democratic or delegated style. It is the fact that delegated styles is better than democratic (Fiske, 2005). Superior subordinate relation in managing terms The relationship of superiors and subordinates is very delicate and sensitive as there are many conflicts and negotiation takes place between both f them. The superiors-subordinate relations of all the countries are almost similar. It depends on the bond and relation between the two parties. The meaning of superiors-subordinate relation refers to the way of communications and interactions takes place between the two parties like leaders or managers and their subordinates like team memes or groups (Boyd, and Crawford, 2012). In both the countries, the flow of communication stakes place from top to lower lever. There are two types of communication that is satisfactory upward and downward. The international managers of the company are very smart is performing their roles and how to manage the combination system in the organization. The main motive of communication is to promote openness and to build bond between the superior and subordinates. It helps in maintaining relationship between them (Veletsianos, and Kimmons, 2012). Theories of cross-cultural Management In order to have effective cross cultural management in the organization, the managers have to manage an effective system. There are various approaches in which the managers have to manage the cross cultures of the countries like Saudi Arabia and United Kingdom (Garcia-Ramon, 2003). The theories of cross cultural management help the companies to cope up with the challenges and issues faced by the companies while doing transactions in the international markets. They are purely dependant on the working of the organization, the kind of business performed by the organization, number of employees, size of the business, etc. in this way, it is very difficult to define the managerial and organizational qualities of Saudi Arabia and United kingdom separately. Instead of this, the trend is that multinational companies are following the same organizational and managerial theories in their organizations to have competitive advantage. To cope up with the diversified cultures, the companies are trying to adopt the policies used by the other companies and the competitors present in the market. There are two categories of culture that is high context culture and low context culture. A high context culture is a culture in which is highly established and developed like Saudi Arabia. These cultures have very rigid cultures, strong beliefs, attitudes. The low context cultures are like United Kingdom that are not much rigid but respect their own cultures (Sidani, 2005). Greet Hofstede theory of cross cultural The other theory of cultural is Greet Hofstede theory of cross cultural (Hofstede, 1980). According to this theory, the culture of a country is identified through the various dimensions at a level of a country. These dimensions are individual collectivism, large versus small power distance, masculinity-feminist, long-term versus short-term orientation and also the uncertainity avoidance (Vogel, 2000). Large versus small power distance- In large power distance the power and authority is distributed very unequally and unfairly but in small power distribution, the power is distributed fairly among all. Strong versus weak uncertainty avoidance- The strong uncertainty avoidance is situations in which the employees feel very uncomfortable, with uncertainty and ambiguity. In such situation there is a need to support the employee, provide them surety and stability so that they will feel comfortable. While the weak certainty avoidance in a situation in which there is a need of autonomy, lower structure and employees are tolerant of uncertainty (Goursand, et.al. 2008). Individualism versus collectivism- In individualism, organisation work with loosely knitted social model in the company as well as in the society but in weak uncertainly avoidance they prefer a tightly knit social model (Hamdan, 2005). Masculinity versus femininity- If the companies are adopting the masculinity than they refers to prefer the fulfilment of the fierceness, heroism, material source and forcefulness in feminity there referred to prefer relationships, modesty, caring and nurturing for the quality o work and quality of better life (Chan, and Goldthorpe, 2007). Fons Trompenaars theory of cross-cultural The next theory of cultural management is established by Fons Trompenaars. There are seven dimensions of this theory that are related to the relations of the employees or the other personnel working in the organization (Krenawi, Graham, Dean, and Eltaiba, 2004). The seven dimensions are Individualism vs. Collectivism (communitarians), Universalism vs. Particularism, Specific vs. Diffuse, Neutral vs. Emotional, Linear vs. Circular, Internal vs. external control, Achievement vs. Ascription These all are the ways through which a company can manage the cross culture diversity in their country. Conclusion From this study, a conclusion is made that the difference in the countries and its people is the culture of that country. It can be either the traditions, customers, etc that every country ha with it whether it is east or west. The culture of the country is based on its community f people, pattern of social behavior like customers, literatures, history, believes, heritage, dress, language, and many thing related to the same. There is a combination of cultural and society in this study. There are both similarities and differences in the two countries United Kingdom and Saudi Arabia. There is determined orientation between both the countries. There are significant ways that are used by managers of both the countries. It is not compulsory that everyone can understand the similarity and dissimilarity between the cultures. Throughout the time, countries and companies realize the value of cross culture diversity. It can be identified through the benefits companies are earning while working with different countries. The world has now become a global village. It is clear that the cross cultural studies are very relevant for the managers and leaders of todays world as they have to manage the business operations and functions in the international markets. In order t have efficiency in the company, the need is to have critical analysis of the culture of other country in which the business operations are taking place. In this context, the countries are started liking and respecting the cultures of other nations. In this study, we have learnt various types of management theories for the cross culture. The countries are taking interest in establishing business sin other countries. In this study, the main focus is on the two country's culture that is Saudi Arabia and United Kingdom. References Al-Krenawi, A., Graham, J.R., Dean, Y.Z. and Eltaiba, N., 2004. Cross-national study of attitudes towards seeking professional help: Jordan, United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Arabs in Israel. International journal of social psychiatry, 50(2), pp.102-114. Amabile, T.M., Patterson, C., Mueller, J., Wojcik, T., Odomirok, P.W., Marsh, M. and Kramer, S.J., 2001. Academic-practitioner collaboration in management research: A case of cross-profession collaboration. Academy of Management Journal, 44(2), pp.418-431. Bhagat, R.S., Kedia, B.L., Harveston, P.D. and Triandis, H.C., 2002. Cultural variations in the cross-border transfer of organizational knowledge: An integrative framework. Academy of management review, 27(2), pp.204-221. Boyd, D. and Crawford, K., 2012. Critical questions for big data: Provocations for a cultural, technological, and scholarly phenomenon. Information, communication society, 15(5), pp.662-679. Chan, T.W. and Goldthorpe, J.H., 2007. Social stratification and cultural consumption: Music in England. European sociological review, 23(1), pp.1-19. Cooke, P.N. and Lazzeretti, L. eds., 2008. Creative cities, cultural clusters and local economic development. Edward Elgar Publishing. David, W. and Fahey, L., 2000. Diagnosing cultural barriers to knowledge management. The Academy of management executive, 14(4), pp.113-127. Fiske, J. (Ed.). (2005). Cultural Studies. Routledge. Garcia-Ramon, M.D., 2003. Globalization and international geography: the questions of languages and scholarly traditions. Progress in human geography, 27(1), pp.1-5. Goursand, D., Paiva, S.M., Zarzar, P.M., Ramos-Jorge, M.L., Cornacchia, G.M., Pordeus, I.A. and Allison, P.J., 2008. Cross-cultural adaptation of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire 1114 (CPQ 1114) for the Brazilian Portuguese language. Health and quality of life outcomes, 6(1), p.2. Hamdan, A., 2005. Women and Education in Saudi Arabia: Challenges and Achievements. International Education Journal, 6(1), pp.42-64. Hofstede, G 1980, Culture's Consequences: International Differences in Work-Related Values, Beverly Hills, CA: Sage. Irani, Z., Beskese, A. and Love, P.E.D., 2004. Total quality management and corporate culture: constructs of organisational excellence. Technovation, 24(8), pp.643-650. Javidan, M., Dorfman, P.W., De Luque, M.S. and House, R.J., 2006. In the eye of the beholder: Cross cultural lessons in leadership from project GLOBE. The academy of management perspectives, 20(1), pp.67-90. Kirkman, B.L. and Shapiro, D.L., 2001. The impact of cultural values on job satisfaction and organizational commitment in self-managing work teams: The mediating role of employee resistance. Academy of Management journal, 44(3), pp.557-569. Kirkman, B.L., Chen, G., Farh, J.L., Chen, Z.X. and Lowe, K.B., 2009. Individual power distance orientation and follower reactions to transformational leaders: A cross-level, cross-cultural examination. Academy of Management Journal, 52(4), pp.744-764. Kozulin, A., 2003. Vygotsky's educational theory in cultural context. Cambridge University Press. McDougall, P.P. and Oviatt, B.M., 2000. International entrepreneurship: the intersection of two research paths. Academy of management Journal, 43(5), pp.902-906. Nazroo, J.Y., 2003. The structuring of ethnic inequalities in health: economic position, racial discrimination, and racism. American journal of public health, 93(2), pp.277-284. Scullion, H. and Collings, D., 2011. Global talent management. Routledge. Sidani, Y., 2005. Women, work, and Islam in Arab societies. Women in Management Review, 20(7), pp.498-512. Tsui, A.S., 2004. Contributing to global management knowledge: A case for high quality indigenous research. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 21(4), pp.491-513. Tsui, A.S., Nifadkar, S.S. and Ou, A.Y., 2007. Cross-national, cross-cultural organizational behavior research: Advances, gaps, and recommendations. Journal of management, 33(3), pp.426-478. Veletsianos, G. and Kimmons, R., 2012. Networked participatory scholarship: Emergent techno-cultural pressures toward open and digital scholarship in online networks. Computers Education, 58(2), pp.766-774. Vogel, F.E., 2000. Islamic Law and the Legal System of Saud: Studies of Saudi Arabia (Vol. 8). Brill. Yamazaki, Y. and Kayes, D.C., 2004. An experiential approach to cross-cultural learning: A review and integration of competencies for successful expatriate adaptation. Academy of Management Learning Education, 3(4), pp.362-379.

American Revolutionary War free essay sample

After the Revolutionary War, many things had changed for America. She had gained her independence from Great Britain and was recognized as an independent nation resulting in a monumental change in political power. Another swing in momentum was the power and rights that were given to women. Many different women such as Molly Wallace and Abigail Adams were inspired to try and empower women’s rights. African American slaves were given the opportunity to fight in armies which gave them the chance for freedom. The Revolutionary War set the stage for the first steps in women and slaves gaining independence. In 1776, the members of the Continental Congress signed the Declaration of Independence marking the freedom of America. In 1778, the French joined America in the fight against Britain. In 1783, the Treaty of Paris was signed representing the true freedom of America. All of these historical events caused an impact on everyone including the slaves and women. We will write a custom essay sample on American Revolutionary War or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page More importantly, the Revolution brought about a new mindset that most of the colonists had never experienced. This was the spark that the revolutionists needed to fight Britain. They did this willfully and clearly defeated the British with the final blow coming from The Siege of Yorktown. One of the most heartfelt desires of a slave was for freedom. Some slaves were told if they fought with the British, the British might free them and ban slavery from the colonies. Even if the British had won the war, they probably would not have banned slavery from the colonies Some slaves also fought with the colonists for promised freedom. Both sides offered freedom and re-settlement to slaves who were willing to fight for them, especially targeting slaves whose owners supported the opposing cause. Even though some slaves fought in the war, many African Americas used the turmoil of the war to escape. So, after the war, some slaves did get the long-awaited freedom they wanted. Other slaves were not as fortunate as these though. Some slaves that fought in the war were recaptured afterwards and forced to work on plantations as before the war. Women suffered lack of rights and an undesirable social status before the Revolution. A woman was recognized as a person under the law, subsumed by all the rights of her husband. This was well expressed by the quip, â€Å"Husband and wife are but one, and the husband is that one. † Although suppressed, women did play a major role in the Revolutionary War and received major rewards also. Different women like Molly Wallace and Abigail Adams worked extremely hard trying to persuade politicians to â€Å"Remember the ladies† as Abigail Adams said in a letter to John Adams. During the Revolutionary War, women had to take on their husbands role while he was out fighting the war. This meant taking care of the plantation plus doing all the house duties that they regularly did. The wives also played a major role in boycotting British goods by sewing and knitting clothes instead of buying them from the British. The women did much more than mentioned such as spying and tending for soldiers. After the war, women gained much more freedom than they had been permitted before. The Revolutionary War had major impacts on woman’s rights and a slave’s life. The female race gained political and social privileges and continued to gain even up until modern day. This war was a make or break situation for most slaves. If they fought in the war, they might die fighting for freedom, or they might survive the war and gain freedom. In the final results of the Revolutionary war, the women succeeded greatly in gaining more freedom while the African Americans arguably experienced more hardships after the war then before.

Postmodernism and Cybersex essays

Postmodernism and Cybersex essays Gravitating around the epistemological and psychological spheres, postmodernist theorists, amongst other things, make two fundamentally crucial claims when discussing twenty first century computer mediated communications (CMC). The epistemological claim is that the search for the ultimate foundations of knowledge, for depth and mechanism, is futile. Postmodernism is an anti foundationalist philosophy in the sense that it denies that there can be such a thing as transcendent, perfect knowledge. Instead all knowledge claims are justified by rhetoric, convention or authority. The psychological claim of postmodernism is that the notion of a coherent and unitary self is an illusion. The self is really a multiplicity of parts and fragments. Associated with this, the coherence of traditional identity formulations relating to classifications on the basis of race, gender and other physical characteristics are also suspect. So, in keeping with the postmodernist doctrine, what could be more postmodern than cybersex? Now "cybersex" stems from the term cyberspace, originally a term from William Gibson's science-fiction novel of 1984, Neuromancer. Basically cyberspace is the name some people use for the conceptual space where words, human relationships, data, wealth, and power are manifested by people using computer mediated communications technology, or CMC for short. Cybersex, depending on who you talk to has a number of definitions and a number of approaches according to those definitions. How postmodern. Broadly speaking, cybersex is a generic term for erotic interaction between individuals in cyberspace. Generally, it can include exchanges of e-mail, real-time visual communication via webcams, encounters in chatrooms, bulletin boards, and other online virtual communities. However, given prevailing technological restraints, the majority of cybersexual activity occurs in chatrooms and is facilitated by text-sex - essentially, sexual ...

New Driving Laws in Queensland, Australia Essay

New Driving Laws in Queensland, Australia - Essay Example The essay "New Driving Laws in Queensland, Australia" talks about the relevant legislations impacting the new driving laws in Queensland, Australia, and the major provisions of the various Acts and their relevance to the issue. Drivers in Australia require a valid driver's license. Licenses from other countries may be accepted for limited stays in Australia; details vary by State. Typically, foreign licenses in English are considered valid for driving in Australia for visitors with visitor's visas. In other cases, an International Driving Permit is required, issued in your home country before arrival in Australia. Also, you are permitted to drive an American (left-hand drive) car in Australia, providing that you have the license to do so. Use of seat belts is compulsory in Australia for drivers and all vehicle passengers, and infants must be secured with approved safety capsules and harnesses. Seatbelt laws are strictly enforced, and the onus is on the driver to ensure all passengers are buckled in. Penalties apply to the driver of the vehicle and include demerit points, license suspension, and heavy fines. The road rules are strictly enforced in Australia, especially speed limits. Speed limits vary depending on road conditions, area and State. Speed limits change at regular intervals so keep an eye out for them. The road rules are strictly enforced in Australia, especially speed limits. Speed limits vary depending on road conditions, area and State. Speed limits change at regular intervals.

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 64

Essay Example This is true since German is home to great world literature, art and philosophers (Adams 76). Unlike American values where a stranger is first welcomed by the hosts, Germans expect the stranger to begin the conversation unless they have been officially invited in a group. Germans also expect small gifts mainly wine as a show of appreciation when invited for a certain ceremony unlike Americans who insist on flowers and perfumes (Adams 80). Another character trait is loyalty which Germans have developed since the Second World War II. Loyalty is mainly expected at the family and national level, but some critics assert that it is extreme fanatical nationalism. Germans perceive themselves as superior and usually stand firm in unity due to the spirit of comradeship. Germans pride themselves as they believe one never tells lies unless they believe in such lies. American values are liberal since Americans often differ in opinions and major national issues (Adams 100). Germans in their culture and character traits are considered argumentative, sincere and loyal. Strangers are expected to begin conversations while a small gift of wine or alcohol is considered as a show of politeness and

HW Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 18

HW - Assignment Example It relates to the growth of MNC by evaluating the stages that an international product has to go through thus revealing product decline and appreciations as a result of competition c. Low home inflation will mean high consumption and less saving. This will in turn increase imports and reduce export thus increasing deficit in a country’s current account. Foreign imports will signify a strong competition thus low inflation. The demand for South Korean won will increase with the increase in demand for imports. The supply for South Korean won will reduce due to increase in its exports. The result will be a shift in equilibrium value of the South Korean won upwards, thus increasing its value. The high interest rates in US will increase demand for US currency as a result of hot money flows. This will see appreciation in US dollar demand for Argentina pesos will decrease, while its supply will increase. The equilibrium value for the pesos will thus depreciate Rise in income levels of US will increase demand and consumption thus increasing imports. The demand for British pounds will increase, while supply for British pound for sale will decrease, the equilibrium value of the British pound will increase thus signifying an appreciation in the value of British pound b. In speculating, the speculators who anticipate for appreciation of the currency will purchase the future contracts of the currency as opposed to those who anticipate the currency’s decline who will sell currency future contracts of that currency When the US based firm wants to lock its maximum price to be paid for euros in future, then the US firm can consider purchasing a call option for euros. Similarly, when the US firm wants the price of its receivables to be lock at minimum prices for the euros, then the US firm can consider put option on euros. A speculator should purchase a call option of Australian dollar when the Australian dollar is devalued and low compared

Independent Variable Dependent Variable Marketing Essay

Independent Variable Dependent Variable Marketing Essay The idea of business is an organized strategy to earn money. This idea forced the businesses for taking the important actions to improve not only the product qualities but also its packaging because packaging has a greater impact on purchase decision. It is the initial stage to experience whether this fulfill customers need perfectly as the product looks. Throughout Pakistan a lot of diary can be found together with unique brand names along with top quality such as Nestle, Olpers, Haleeb.Even though dairy products industry is very aggressive however there is positive change connected with packaging for the manufacturer inclination. Packaging attracts the consumers concentration to buy particular brand and increase brand image and influence towards consumers(Rundh,2005).Packaging characteristics can be evaluate in terms of 4 variables i.e. Size,shape,safety,package and ingredients detail attractiveness in context (Silayoi Speece,2004).This research paper evaluate five variable of packaging characteristics i.e. size of package, safety of product, shape of package, display of ingredients on package and package attractiveness. Packaging characteristics shows large influence on the consumer in brand preference. Consumer frequently assumes that if packaging characteristics are viable it shows that brand is of high quality and helps in decision making of consumer (Ampuero, O., Vila, N. 2006) Packaging characteristics creates uniqueness in brand (Silayoi Speece,2004) Packaging plays a vital role buying decision of packaged milk buyers. It is also positively associated with brand loyalty (Subhani, M.I., Osman, A.2011).This research paper finds that how packaging characteristics effects consumer brands preference in case of milk brands. Literature Review Appearance capabilities, pairing colorings, styles, shape, designs, along with announcements involving Foods, offer folks brand associate by way of example inside a departmental retail store many refreshments are usually held within exact same place yet client involving distinct brand can potentially separate his / her selection as a consequence of big difference involving color, dimension along with unambiguous shape (Nancarrow et al., 1998) Product Packaging is usually a application to create excellent partnership between Stores along with Meal Makers due to the fact each perform more tightly to build products designed for latest life styles, based on the latest technology. Some sort of Store, acquiring primary web page link having end users, can easily become very well aware about this belief associated with people. On the other hand manufacturers transform appearance type along with item top quality on the basis of information given by retailers. It has generated a good exploding market interested in able to try to eat foods, a niche through which appearance can be playing an increasingly essential role. (Vidales Giovannetti, 1995) Presently people have grown a lot more informed about the product packaging offered to all of them through products. The part involving product packaging provides modified in recent times given that mainly as a result of changing life-style and desires on the people. Corporations include commenced take enhancements throughout product packaging given that their own philosophy in recent times include modified which beneficial and special product packaging may stimulate client buying behaviors. The item is just about the method to obtain customers interest toward offerings, enhances the image on the manufacturer and enhances the perceptions on the client for your solution (Rundh, 2005) Product packaging attracts a persons vision of the buyers for any unique model. With advertising and marketing situation appearance represents a very crucial part inside speaking the goods towards buyers along with eventually raises consumers purchase options (Rita Kuvykaite, 2009)Â   Statement of the problem To determine the effect of packaging characteristics on consumer brand preference in packaged milk brands. Theoretical framework Packaging characteristics Consumer Brand Preference Independent variable Dependent Variable Operational definition Packaging characterisitics: It is measured on the questions of questionnaire on the following dimensions Size of Package Shape of Package Safety of Product Display of ingredients on Package Package attractiveness Consumer brand preference: It is measured in terms of level of agreement and disagreement to buy a product. Measured on 5 point Likert Scale Research Objectives To find out the effect of Packaging Characteristics on Consumer Brand Preference of packaged milk brands in Pakistan .checking the relation of Consumer Brand Preference with the following characteristics of packaging Size of Package Shape of Package Safety of Product Package Attractiveness Hypothesis H1: packaging characteristics are positively associated with consumer brand preference of package milk H1a: size of package is positively associated with consumer brand preference of packaged milk H1b: shape is positively associated with effects consumer brand preference of packaged milk H1c: safety of packaging is positively associated with consumer brand preference of packaged milk H1d: Package attractiveness is positively associated with consumer brand preference of packaged milk H1e: Display of ingredients is positively associated with consumer brand preference of packaged milk Research design The research design for this study will be quantitative research strategy during which questionnaires are going to be undertaken when data will be collected. The questionnaires will be self administered and the respondents will be the buyers at general stores. Population and sample Population will be the buyers at the general stores in saddar, hayatabad and town of Peshawar. And for sampling about 300 questionnaires will be distributed through simple random sampling in different grocery stores at saddar, hayatabad and town of Peshawar. Instruments In this research paper questionnaire is packaging characteristics based secondly it is based on comparison of different brands of diary product that how packaging effect the consumer purchase decision and thirdly it is based on the agreement and disagreement level of consumer brand selection with respect to the characteristics of packaging .Questionnaire will be closed ended and the answers will be recorded in the Likert five point scales. Data Collection In this research data will be collected through questionnaire for analysis. The data will be collected through personal survey at different stores of sadder, hayatabad and town of Peshawar by filling the questionnaire. Data Analysis In this research paper data will be analyze by using Pearson Correlation to find the relation between packaging characteristics and consumer brand preference and for the interpretation of the data SPSS 16 will used.

EGYPTIAN MYTHOLOGY Essay -- essays research papers fc

OUTLINE Thesis statement: In this research, I will investigate the basic concepts of the Egyptian mythology and its gods. I.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mythology A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Definition B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  History II.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Egyptian Creation Myths  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Heliopolitan Tradition B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hermoplitan Ogdoad C.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Memphite Theology III.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Worshipping A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Beliefs B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Rituals C.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Temples IV.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gods and Goddesses  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Good B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Evil C.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Responsibilities V.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Conclusion EGYPTIAN GODS AND GODDESSES   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Egypt is one of the oldest and most complex civilizations of the world. Their religion and beliefs are fascinating and have been a mystery for centuries. Even today, there are some things that we still do not understand. In this research, I will investigate the basic concepts of Egyptian mythology and its gods.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mythology is defined as a collection of interrelated stories of a given culture. Myths are intended to explain and describe the mysteries of nature and give understanding about the world that surrounds us. Each culture has their own mythology that reflects their values and beliefs. Myths were also generated to tell the story of the first people to inhabit the earth. The Egyptian mythology elevated these people to the level of Gods and Goddesses by giving them supernatural and special powers. These myths of creation were passed from one generation to the next, either orally or by hieroglyphs painted in sacred temples, pyramids, and sanctuaries.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ancient Egyptians tried to understand their place in the universe. This is why their mythology is centered on nature such as the earth, sky, moon, sun, stars, and the Nile River. There are many Egyptian myths of creation, but the Heliopolitan Tradition, Hermopolitan Ogdoad, and the Memphite Theology are the most commonly used. They all have some common elements and gods. For example, many of t... ... was allowed to pass through the gates of Yaru and into the after-life, but if the heart weighed more than the feather, the heart was consumed by the devourer to be gone forever.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In conclusion, Ancient Egypt has a very complex religion and beliefs that would be considered bizarre in many parts of the world. They believed in many gods, some took part in the creation of the universe. Others brought the flood every year, offered protection and took care of people after they died. The ancient Egyptians thought that it was important to recognize and worship the gods because they represented the peace and harmony across the land. BIBLIOGRAPHY â€Å"Egypt.† Encyclopeadia Brittanica: Macropedia. 1980 ed. â€Å"Egyptian Gods by Function.† Concordence: Egyptian Gods. Online. Internet. 18 Feb. hhhhh2004. â€Å"Egyptian Mythology.† Gods of Ancient Egypt. Online. Internet. 12 Feb. 2004. Mercatante, Anthony S. Who’s who in Egyptian Mythology. Canada: General hhhhhPublishing, 1978. â€Å"Mythology.† Encyclopaedia Brittanica: Macropedia. 1980 ed. Vercoutter, Jean. The Search for Ancient Egypt. New York: Times Mirror Company, hhhhh1992.

Sunny Delight

They first released an advert that was a national phenomenon and it sold lots of bottles. Sunny D claimed it tasted as good as Coke but also a healthy alternative that would clench the thirst of children. The advert was so powerful that it became the nation's 3rd bestselling drink in 3 months of being released and in 1 999; it sold 200 million bottles in the year, leading to large supermarkets doubling and tripling their orders.The reason it was so good was because it claimed it was fresh and fresh means healthy so parents anted to buy them for their kids because they wanted drinks to be healthy and good for their kids and that is what it seemed. However, people started reading the labels and telling other people to read the label which lead to lots Of people finding bad things about Sunny Delight. People started finding out that Sunny D had only 5% juice and the other 95% was things like water, food coloring and other dodgy things. There was also a high amount of sugar which parents didn't want. After finding this out, parents started buying alternatives.One day a 4 year old girl from Wales who drank a litter and a half f Sunny D a day woke up one day and found her skin had turned orange and got sent to hospital. By the time 2001 came around, their sales have halved and they went from 3rd in the UK to 42nd in the space of 3 years. Sales have never recovered from it. If Sunny Delight were to release another advert, they would need to change their company to become healthier; they also need to not put as much sugar in each bottle. They need to be patient, to slowly get their customers trust back again. Their adverts should be truthful and not claim to be something they're not.

National Strategy essays

National Strategy essays The Cuban Missile Crisis is considered to be one of the most important crises of the Cold War. This assumption was made in the light of some questions which arose following the end of the crisis. 1.One fallacy of the crisis was the actual reason for which the missiles were deployed on the Cuban territory. It was first though that the move was motivated by the desire of the Russians to reset the nuclear equilibrium. However, recent evidence pointed out that, although this was the main reason, there were others as well. In this sense, in Khrushchevs memoir's, he stated that the actions were motivated also by the desire to keep the balance of power and to show the American side the power of the Russian nuclear arsenal (Scott and Smith, 1994). Another misperception of the crisis is related to the establishment of the quarantine which was motivated in the beginning by the need to actually completely deter the soviet threat. However, it was later interpreted as being just a deterrent action, and by no means a final action that would put an end to the crisis (Scott and Smith, 1994) 2. One misperception of the crisis was the belief that the Russians would even engage in nuclear war against the US, as stated by the hawks present in the Executive Committee. However, subsequent evidence proved that in fact the Russian side tried to use this action as a means to increase their negotiation position in relation with the US (Lebow, 1983). Another misperception was the shot down of the U-2. In the beginning it was thought that the decision to shoot it belonged to the Soviets (Allison, 1987). Despite this assumption, the US did not retaliate. It was later discovered that in fact the U-2 was shot down at the initiative of the Cuban side, and not through a Russian order. Should the US view this action as a Russian retaliation, it would have completely compromised the negotiations. 3. Such misperceptions were imminent in that time of ...

Free Essays on Agriculture

Agriculture was the most important economic activity in America from the founding of Virginia in 1607 to about 1890. Although farming declined rapidly in relative economic importance in the twentieth century, U.S. agriculture continued to be the most efficient and productive in the world. Its success rested on abundant fertile soil, a moderate climate, the ease of private land ownership, growing markets for farm produce at home and abroad, and the application of science and technology to farm operations. The first settlers, finding that European agriculture could not easily be transferred to the new environment, adopted the Indian practices of raising corn, squash, tobacco, and other crops. From the beginning corn, grown in all the colonies, was the leading food crop. Tobacco, which was exported to earn foreign exchange, was raised mostly in Virginia and Maryland. In New England, farmers on small acreages raised corn, oats, and rye, vegetables and fruits, and livestock, especially cattle and sheep. In the central colonies of New York, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey wheat was the major crop. Farmers there were also heavy producers of livestock and animal products, as well as fruit and vegetables. Most farmers in early America were largely self-sufficient, producing enough for their family needs, but also some surplus for sale. Agriculture from Maryland, and southward, was more specialized and commercialized than in the North. Corn was the main grain and food crop, but tobacco, rice, and indigo were the principal export crops. The plantation system was developed in connection with the production of tobacco and rice, with black slaves providing much of the labor by the late seventeenth century. Cotton was grown for home use in the late eighteenth century, but because it was difficult to extract the seeds it did not become an important commercial crop until after the invention of the cotton gin by Eli Whitney in 1793. Farmers then used cr... Free Essays on Agriculture Free Essays on Agriculture Agriculture was the most important economic activity in America from the founding of Virginia in 1607 to about 1890. Although farming declined rapidly in relative economic importance in the twentieth century, U.S. agriculture continued to be the most efficient and productive in the world. Its success rested on abundant fertile soil, a moderate climate, the ease of private land ownership, growing markets for farm produce at home and abroad, and the application of science and technology to farm operations. The first settlers, finding that European agriculture could not easily be transferred to the new environment, adopted the Indian practices of raising corn, squash, tobacco, and other crops. From the beginning corn, grown in all the colonies, was the leading food crop. Tobacco, which was exported to earn foreign exchange, was raised mostly in Virginia and Maryland. In New England, farmers on small acreages raised corn, oats, and rye, vegetables and fruits, and livestock, especially cattle and sheep. In the central colonies of New York, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey wheat was the major crop. Farmers there were also heavy producers of livestock and animal products, as well as fruit and vegetables. Most farmers in early America were largely self-sufficient, producing enough for their family needs, but also some surplus for sale. Agriculture from Maryland, and southward, was more specialized and commercialized than in the North. Corn was the main grain and food crop, but tobacco, rice, and indigo were the principal export crops. The plantation system was developed in connection with the production of tobacco and rice, with black slaves providing much of the labor by the late seventeenth century. Cotton was grown for home use in the late eighteenth century, but because it was difficult to extract the seeds it did not become an important commercial crop until after the invention of the cotton gin by Eli Whitney in 1793. Farmers then used cr...

WEEK 5 APPLICATION 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

WEEK 5 APPLICATION 1 - Essay Example d doctoral study, the researcher sought to determine the success of the Project Management Professionals or more specifically to establish the relationship between e-leadership styles and the success of virtual project managers in carrying out virtual projects. To achieve this, the researcher took seventy-four surveys, Leadership Behavioral Analysis II-Self (LABII-Self) surveys on direct project staff that was a clear representation of the population. The LABII provides significant information on how leaders perceive their leadership style, or draws a comparison between their leadership style and those of their peers. Indeed, this style derives an understanding on the perception of ones leadership style. The qualitative tradition applied in this research was ethnography. Most assuredly, the data analysis method used was appropriate for ethnography. Indeed, the method brings in a social and cultural connection as established in ethnography. More so, such a method is adaptive to field research situations like surveys, interviews, and participant-observations as proposed under ethnography. In addition, this data analysis method helps in the realization of more information than what is available at the time of data collection and can respond well to changes. In addition, the analysis method accommodates the two stages in doing a research, observing and recording of data and production and analyzing the research problem a seen in ethnography. Indeed, all aspects of data analysis methods are justifiable. This is because from the surveys, we can establish the leadership style flexibility, chances of misuse, major and minor leadership styles, and the resultant efficiency from respective leadership styles. Furthermore, I think there is no other data analysis method that was sufficiently relevant to this study. This method was able to derive all aspects of leadership as seen herein a fete I doubt any other method would achieve. Indeed, this method is not only specific to

Virgin Atlantic A Premium Brand Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Virgin Atlantic A Premium Brand - Assignment Example The airline industry is one of the fastest growing industries in the world. The airline industry is playing a major role towards the growth of the world economy and also helping to increase tourism activities. The concept of high quality and money worthy airline was introduced in 1984. Virgin Atlantic is world’s first luxurious airline established by the founder of Virgin Group, Richard Branson. Virgin Atlantic is headquartered in West Sussex, UK. Nowadays the company is operating globally. For example, Virgin Atlantic provides airline service in countries such as Australia, Caribbean, China, Hong Kong, India, Japan, Nigeria, South Africa, Dubai, and the USA. At present Virgin Atlantic Airways has a fleet of ten Airbus A330-300s, Four Airbus A340 aircraft, and five Boeings 747. They already have ordered six Airbus A380 aircraft which will be in operation from the year 2015. The company also operates with cargo flights in some countries of the world. Apart from that, the compan y has also entered the hospitality industry in 1984 and launched Virgin Holidays. Virgin Holidays tour and traveling venture that operates in the new Virgin Atlantic routes such as Orlando, Miami etc. Some of the major competitors of Virgin Atlantic are British Airways, Air France, and the Fly Emirates. Presently, the employee strength of Virgin Atlantic is around 9000 worldwide. Last financial year Virgin Atlantic earned  £46.8m revenue while their annual turnover is around  £2m. Virgin Atlantic is acknowledged globally for its excellence in services to the customers and the unique promotional strategy. Through this report, the competitive strategies and core competencies of Virgin Atlantic airline will be uncovered.

Etihad towers hotel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Etihad towers hotel - Essay Example For instance, the majority of these rooms range from forty to sixty square meters, while others are designed to have a space ranging from ninety two to nine hundred and eighty square meters. These specially designed rooms are referred to as Royal Etihad Suite and they are situated at the sixtieth floor of the Etihad Towers. Other features of the hotel include 199 residences that are serviced; in fact, this are meant for customers that are available for longer stays (Jumeirah, 2013). The hotel has variety of restaurants and lounges which provide customers with extensive alternatives for cookery temptations, which are located at the sixty third floors to the beach; this cookery offers entire day dinning and Lebanese restaurants and veranda seating. The hotel has an executive lounge, which offers food and beverages, internet lounge, shower suits, and a business center, which is fitted with four meeting rooms situated at level forty five (Jumeirah, 2013). The hotel offers a conference ce nter, which is completely equipped with ballroom; in fact, it has a capacity that can accommodate up to 1400 delegates. There are thirteen meeting rooms and pre-functions spaces that offer sea view, while on the other hand, the hotel offers leisure time through Talise Spa in fourteen treatment suits, Rasoul chamber, and hammam (Jumeirah, 2013). There are extensive gyms fitted with sophisticated equipments, while its other side offers a landscape of oasis pools, gardens and private beach; in fact, section in this part offer retail therapy at superb Etihad Towers boutiques. SWOT Analysis of Etihad Towers Hotel Strengths Jumeirah hotel derives advantages due to its location, since it is accessible to customers from the air port city shopping malls and central business district area. Furthermore, the hotel has been benefiting from increasing demand of rooms due to absence of other hotels of its class. There are numerous features offered by this hotel to customers and they make a signifi cant contribution to the strengths of the hotel (Landman, 2010). Some of these features are unique and cannot be provided by their competitors; for instance, application of technology in their services has earned them a competitive advantage in the market. The other source of strength is increased foreign investment, whereby this has led to increased number of business men taking business trips to UAE and they seek accommodation from this hotel; in fact, this number includes government officials from other countries. In this case, all these customers find this hotel to be in a convenient location due to its proximity to central business district and government offices. Weakness The hotel is highly dependent on its geographical location, whereby they are expecting to attract customers from the nearby central business district and shopping mall, and air port. Therefore this can lead to lack of strategies that can enable them target and venture into new market; in fact, they are confin ed into to a single market which leads to increased vulnerability in case there is economic recession (Landman, 2010). The hotel has commenced operating recently; thus, it has not acquired substantial brand equity and client base in the area (Management Study Guide, 2012). Opportunities There are

Vietnam War Essay Example for Free

Vietnam War Essay The film shows the importance of having an army that is well equipped and knows what their enemy has for troops and artillery. This battle at the La Drang Valley is important to the rest of the Vietnam War because this is where helicopter-based. The air mobile operations helped the U. S army because it was able to bring soldiers and supplies into the combat zone. Without these helicopters and supplies the soldiers that were at the combat zone would not have stood a chance against the Viet Cong army. Film stayed as close to the historical truth as possible. The names and events that are in the movie match with the true events that occurred during the war. Some minor details in the film slanted from the reality, requirement of the commercial movies. Major part of the movie is critical in depicting the war time events to as close as possible. It gives profound knowledge of the historic war, thus contributing to the nation as a source of knowledge. The film We Were Soldiers is not an invention of historical truth but actually a history movie that enables new generations to view the war visually that happened in Vietnam. The visual graphics of the movie are outstanding and it is simply remarkable how they are able to make things look so real. The plot of the movie is wisely done. There were numerous short scenes in this section of the movie that were both fascinating and gave life to it. It is based on fact and shows the facts very well. Although there is some fiction in this film it is not a faction, or combination of truth and fiction. The film is true but with certain Hollywood aspects which you will get in most movies. Although the Vietnam War was a very controversial war this was not portrayed as much as it should have been in the movie. The film shows very little insight into the publics attitude regarding war with northern Vietnam. Even though this was the first battle in Vietnam they were no opinions expressed by the public in this film. The only hint of what the public thought about the war was with the soldiers wives that were home, and they shared biased thoughts because their husbands were fighting in the war so obviously they thought that it was an unnecessary war. This film gave us insight into the beliefs of the united states government as they were at war because of their beliefs that communism was bad, and all communists nations had to be dealt with and punished for they wrong doings and be made into democratic nations. It showed that the military would send troops into battle being outnumbered just to make a country do what the United States wanted it to do. This film was inspired by the book We Were Soldiers Once†¦And Young, written by Harold G. Moore. Moore was the Lt. General at the battle of The La Drang Valley. He wrote this book about the battle that took place there and has interviews with soldiers from both sides about the battle. He also talks about the importance of the helicopters role in bringing men into battle and how this would play a huge part in the rest of the war in Vietnam. The book was the basis for the historical relevance of the movie. The film got most of its information about what really happened at the battle zone through the book as it was written from the commanding officer at the battle and interviews were taken from soldiers that were there and fought and witnessed what was going on first hand. The battle at the La Drang Valley shows us insight into what further battles in Vietnam would look like and what the American military would have to do to be victorious in Vietnam. The film We Were Soldiers shows us this in a first hand experience. It takes us to the actual battlefield and shows us the hardship and defeat that the American soldiers had to go through to stay alive and defeat the Vietnam army. This film is very important to this generation and the next generations to come as is shows close detail of the first battle of the Vietnam War. Bibliography 1. http://bluray. highdefdigest. com/weweresoldiers. html 2. http://search. reviews. ebay. co. uk/We-Were-Soldiers_EAN_7321900934787_W0QQfvcsZ1172QQsoprZ3951947

Globalization And The Impacts Of E Commerce

Globalization And The Impacts Of E Commerce One of the most vital processes of the last several decades has been the emergence and development of the process of globalisation. According to the definition given by Andrew Heywood globalization is the emergence of a complex web of interconnectedness that means our lives are increasingly shaped by the events that occur, and the decisions that are made, at a greater distance from us. The central feature of globalization is therefor the geographical distance is of a declining relevance and the territorial boundaries, such as those between nation states are becoming less significant  [1]  . One of the significant characteristic of globalisation is the Time- space compression. Through the advances in technology, it is easier to communicate and travel internationally and also that the speed at which these things are accomplished has greatly increased  [2]  . This aspect of globalisation has a wider impact on the global commerce were the advances in technology have led to an integration and interconnectedness of the global economy. The pace at which transactions can take place has led to an increased global focus on the integration of economies and has led to the increased involvement of private business actors in the realm of international finance and international markets. Modern technologies have moreover facilitated a scale and speed of communication that is unprecedented  [3]  . The UNDP human development report  [4]  explains that the fusion of computing and communications especially through the internet has broken the bounds of cost, time and distance la unching an era of global information networking. The Internet, digital technologies and the evolution of E-commerce (Electronic Commerce) raised new challenges for the Intellectual property right holders in the digital world. Materials protected by copyright and related rights constitute much of the valuable subject matter of ecommerce. This situation has a wide-ranging impact on the right of copyright holders because they permit new ways of creating, using, and duplicating works of authorship. In the digital world copies can be made cheaply and distributed widely by individuals. The copyright laws that were set to compact with the problems in the physical world had to deal with the issues in the digital world. To achieve the same the copyright laws has to undergo drastic changes. In this context this paper attempts to analyse the evolution of Ecommerce in the background of globalisation and its implications on the Copyright laws. The paper will also focus on the various measures adopted by the national governments to prevent the i nfringement of copyright in the digital world. The paper excludes the disputes related to domain names, Patents and Trademarks. EVOLUTION OF E COMMERCE In the 1990s the information technology led to a new revolution through the commercialization of internet. The limitations of networked systems like the cost structure and that related to geographical limits became irrelevant. Old traditions about the cost structure and geographic limits of networked systems turn out to be irrelevant and it became easy to form a worldwide system quickly and inexpensively. Business people seized this opportunity and responded by creating entirely new types of businesses and fundamentally altering existing businesses. The once limited strategic use of information technology became widespread. Thus new terms were created to label this revolution: electronic commerce (more commonly called ecommerce) and electronic business (eBusiness)  [5]  . In the present scenario we can see the business world is transitioning from a physical reality based on atoms to a digital one of bits  [6]  .The term commerce is viewed by some as transactions conducted between business partners. Therefore, the term eCommerce seems to be fairly narrow to some people. Thus the term eBusiness refers to a broader definition of eCommerce, not just buying and selling but also servicing customers and collaborating with business partners, and conducting electronic transactions within an organization. Business-to-business eCommerce is the largest gold rush international commerce has seen for decades. It may be the largest ever Bridging the profound gap between the way traditional businesses are run and the way virtual communities will be built.  [7]   The rapid growth of the Internet and associated technologies have created a new business environment and opened up numerous new possibilities for conducting and managing businesses. Terms such as digital economy, eBusiness, and eCommerce are being used to characterize these developments.  [8]  Businesses have become internet worked eBusiness enterprises. The Internet and Internet-like networks inside the enterprise (intranets), between an enterprise and its trading partners (extranets), and other types of networks are now the primary information technology infrastructure of many organizations. The Internet is a network of networks. The internet worked eBusiness enterprise enables managers, business professionals, teams, and workgroups to electronically exchange data and information anywhere in the world with other end users, customers, suppliers, and business partners. Companies and workgroups can thus collaborate more creatively, manage their business operations and resources mo re effectively, and compete successfully in todays fast-changing global economy  [9]  . PRINCIPLES of E COMMERCE Organization of Economic Corporation and Development (OECD) deals with five broad themes for a better understanding of eCommerce.  [10]   1. Ecommerce transforms the marketplace: ecommerce is changing the way business is conducted. Traditional intermediary functions will be replaced, new products and markets will be developed, and new and far closer relationships will be created between business and consumers. It will change the organization of work: new channels of knowledge diffusion and human interactivity in the workplace will be opened with more flexibility and adaptability will be needed, and workers functions and skills will be redefined. 2. Ecommerce has a catalytic effect: Ecommerce will serve to accelerate and diffuse more widely changes that are already under way in the economy, such as the reform of regulations, the establishment of electronic links between businesses (EDI), the globalization of economic activity, and the demand for higher-skilled workers. Likewise, many sectorial trends already underway, such as e-banking, direct booking of travel, and one-to-one marketing, are accelerated by ecommerce. 3. ECommerce over the Internet vastly increases interactivity in the economy: These linkages now extend down to small businesses and households and reach out to the world at large. Access will shift away from personal computers to cheap and easy-to-use TVs and telephones to devices yet to be invented. People will increasingly have the ability to communicate and transact business anywhere, anytime. This will have a profound impact, not the least of which will be the erosion of economic and geographic boundaries. 4. Openness is an underlying technical and philosophical tenet of the expansion of ecommerce: The widespread adoption of the Internet as a platform for business is due to its non-proprietary standards and open nature as well as to the huge industry that has evolved to support it. The economic power that stems from joining a large network will help to ensure that new standards remain open. More importantly, openness has emerged as a strategy, with many of the most successful eCommerce ventures granting business partner and consumers unparallel access to their inner workings, abases, and personnel. This has led to a shift in the role of consumers, who are increasingly implicated as partners in product design and creation. An expectation of openness is building on the part of consumers/citizens, which will cause transformations, for better (e.g. increased transparency, competition) or for worse (e.g. potential invasion of privacy) in the economy and society. 5. Ecommerce alters the relative importance of time: Many of the routines that help define the look and feel of the economy and society are a function of time: mass production is the fastest way of producing at the lowest cost; ones community tends to be geographically determined because time is a determinant of proximity. Ecommerce is reducing the importance of time by speeding up production cycles, allowing firms to operate in close coordination and enabling consumers to conduct transactions around the clock. As the role of time changes, so will the structure of business and social activities, causing potentially large impacts. In a nutshell the benefits of Ecommerce are, they offer personalization, high quality customer service and improved supply-chain management. This features of ecommerce has led to a wide scope of Intellectual Property transactions, especially the copyright works in the digital world and thus raise the challenges of protection of the same in the digital world. IMPACT of ECOMMERCE on COPYRIGHT Copyright is a legal term describing rights given to creators for their literary and artistic works. The kinds of works covered by copyright include literary works such as novels, poems, plays, reference works, newspapers, and computer programs; databases; films, musical compositions, and choreography; artistic works such as paintings, drawings, photographs and sculpture; architecture; and advertisements, maps, and technical drawings  [11]  . Copyright motivates the creative activity of authors and thereby provides the public with the products of those creators. By granting authors exclusive rights, the public receives the benefit of literature and music and other creative works that might not otherwise be created or disseminated. Effective copyright protection promotes a new Cyber-marketplace of ideas, expression, and products  [12]  . The internet has paved the way for new ways of creating, using and duplicating copyrighted works. Internet and other digital technologies raise new issues for copyright law because they permit new ways of creating, using, and duplicating works of authorship. Copies are made cheap and the distributions of the same are done at a greater pace in the digital world. This creates the major challenge in the present scenario for copyright holders. In this context it is worth to discuss the implications of globalisation of information and its impact on intellectual property laws. The growth of digital information in the background of globalisation has a wider impact on the domestic and international intellectual property regimes. This has led to the standardization of Intellectual Property laws and demand for greater protection. The literature of recent years advocates that these effects on Intellectual Property have positive impact on the intellectual property producing nations and transnational corporations. Another argument put forth in this context is that the sovereignty of the state is compromised to strong and powerful private entities .It is possible that the prevalence of such writings in the literature is a response to the movement toward harmonization and stronger intellectual property protections and an attempt to ensure that some of the less heard voices are expressed.  [13]  Globalization of intellectual prope rty laws is leading to an erosion of state sovereignty or, at least, profound transformations in our notions of sovereignty  [14]   The Internet poses a threat to copyright laws, especially in the areas of illegal music copying and distribution. The Internet is made up of millions of sites with millions of users potentially viewing those sites daily. It is very easy for users to download information from other peoples sites and in many cases this activity is not easily monitored. A user with a personal web page may also upload files to the server where the page is located and then allow other users to copy that file, regardless of the fact that it may be copyrighted.  [15]   The international character of E commerce raises questions about the nature of traditional legal systems in general, and intellectual property law in particular. They are based on notions of sovereignty and territoriality. The Internet, in contrast, like the movement of weather within the global climate, largely ignores distinctions based on territorial borders. Instead, infrastructure, code and language have thus far had a greater bearing on the reach of its currents  [16]  . For example, the most fundamental issue raised for the fields of copyright is the determination of the scope of protection in the digital environment involving how rights are defined, and what exceptions and limitations are permitted. Other important issues include how rights are enforced and administered in this environment; who in the chain of dissemination of infringing material can be held legally responsible for the infringement; and questions of jurisdiction and applicable law. The Internet is multi-jurisdictional. Users can access the Internet from almost any place on earth. The unique feature of digitized information is that they travel through various countries and jurisdictions before reaching its final destination. The major legal issue arise in this context is the problem of jurisdiction to adjudicate a dispute at a particular location. Secondly there arises the question of law that can be made available to the disputes and finally the recognition and enforcement of judgements in courts in foreign jurisdictions. The economic pressures and the growing international significance of copyright have led to new laws. These new laws are overwhelmingly in furtherance of expanding protection, easier protection, and longer protection.  [17]   There is no standard international copyright law, but an international system exists were a set of norms based on national laws. There exist two different traditions with regard to copyrighted works such as common law and the civil law. Public benefit is the principal focus of copyright systems for which the countries the countries that followed common law tradition. In the civil law tradition copyright works are treated as an authors natural human rights, or part of ones right of personality. Thus, under this system, the protection of an authors moral rights is as essential as the corresponding protection of his/her economic rights. The concept of copyright itself witnessed a drastic change along with the development of technology. In the age of printing press copyright was a restriction on the publishers and authors rather than on the readers. Now in the present context the age of the printing press is coming to an end and the age of the computer networks has taken the way. The computer networks and the transactions in the digital world are now taking us back to a scenario that existed at the age of printing press were anybody who can read can also make a copy of his own. This has directed to a different situation were the there is a drastic change in the working of the copyright laws; Copyright law is now no longer an industrial regulation rather it is a draconian restriction on the general public. Earlier the copyright laws were used to restrict the publishers and to protect the authors now in the present scenario copyright laws are used to restrict the public for the sake of publishers. In the present scenario the publishers are vigilant in protecting their copyright and they wish to increase copyright powers to the maximum extent point where they have complete control over the information. The publishers in fact started compelling the national governments for more copyright powers. These situations led to creation of stringent laws were more powers were given to the publishers and freedoms of the public are being taken away to a large extent. The Passing of Digital Millennium Copyright Act by the US can be cited in this context. Similar laws were passed in Australia and European countries as well. In order to prevent the infringement of copyright in the digital world various methods have been adopted. Firstly harsh punishments are inflicted on copyright violators. The word pirate was earlier used to refer the publishers who failed to pay the authors, but in the present scenario it is used to refer the public who escapes from the control of the publisher. In the globalised era of information it is observed that the publishers are compelling the governments to amend the copyright laws to give themselves more power. The publishers are purchasing the laws to empower themselves. Secondly the publishers are also trying to extend the duration of copyright. So the publishers are purchasing laws to give themselves more power. In addition, theyre also extending the duration of the copyright. This can be assumed from the speech delivered by Richard Stallman were he points out The U.S. Constitution says that copyright must last for a limited time, but the publishers want copyright to last forever. However, getting a constitutional amendment would be rather difficult, so they found an easier way that achieves the same result. Every 20 years they retroactively extend copyright by 20 years. So the result is, at any given time, copyright nominally lasts for a certain period and any given copyright will nominally expire someday. But that expiration will never be reached because every copyright will be extended by 20 years every 20 years; thus no work will ever go into the public domain again. This has been called perpetual copyright on the instalment plan.  [18]   The law which was passed in US in the year 1998 that extended the copyright protection for twenty more years was called the Mickey Mouse Copyright Extension Act. One of the main champions of this law was Disney. The copyright of Disney was about to fall in the public domain by the year 2003 and to extend the duration of their copyright they compelled the US government to amend the copyright law. Similar instances can be pointed out from various national copyright legislations across the world. CONCLUSION In the current environment it is seen that globalisation is carried out by a number of policies that are done in the name of economic efficiency or free trade treaties. These treaties are drafted in such a way to empower the Business corporates over laws and policies. Theyre not really about free trade. These treaties transfer power to business corporates and the national governments find themselves in a situation were they cant protect the interest of their own citizens. In the present scenario it is the foreign companies having more power than citizens of the country. The copyright treaties that were designed in the in the 90s begin to impose copyright throughout the world in more powerful and restrictive way. The distinctive features of these treaties were they are controlled by corporate giants. It is an accepted reality that strong Copyright protection hinders the development of a country. When the US was a developing country, The US failed to recognize foreign copyrights because they were well aware of the fact that it can be an obstacle in their development, but in the present scenario the developing countries are compelled to amend their copyright laws for empowering the publishers of developed nations and to protect their copyright in the digital world. The US threatens the developing nations to go against their own interest. In the present scenario it is seen that the existing legal regime for protecting the copyright in the era of digitisation doesnt serve the interest of the public. Developing countries like India are also vigilant in protecting the copyright especially in the felid of softwares. In the recent years, the Indian court shows growing concern and willingness to enforce intellectual property rights. In the 21st century, intellectual property plays an ever more important role on the international stage. The evolution of ecommerce in the context of globalisation had a widespread impact on the Intellectual Property copyrights. There are further digital copyright issues yet to be successfully addressed in the world of ecommerce.